I post this brief glossary to list the most important terms and figures of Egyptology. Of course it's not complete.

Ahmose, Amasis
1) Two pharaohs - Ahmose I 18th dynasty and Ahmose II, 26th dynasty;
2) Ahmose-Nefertiri, Queen of the 18th Dynasty;
3) Ahmose Son of Ebana, admiral under king Ahmose I
4) Ahmose Pen-nekhbet, high official under Ahmose I

Akhet (Ax.t [1]), Shait
Season of inundation, from mid-July to mid-November in Ptolemaic times

Amenhotep
1) 4 New Kingdom pharaohs, 18th dynasty, often called by the (incorrect) Greek form Amenophis;
2) Son of Hapu, scribe, favourite of Amenhotep III

Amenti
Realm of the Dead, cf Duat

Ammut
Chimaera, destroyer of the hearts of dead who were not justified

Amorites, Amurru
People in Retenu (Today's Lebanon and western Syria)

Amratian
Middle pre-dynastic period, 3550 to 3400 BCE, also called Naqada IA and IB

Amulet
Charm

Anch, ankh (anx)
Symbol of enduring life

Anchesenamen, Anchesenamun, Ankhesenamen, Ankhesenamun, Ankhesenaten, Ankhesenpaaten
Wife of Tutankhamen, 18th dynasty

Anchnesmerire, Ankhnesmeryre
Queen, Mother of Pepi II

Anhur
Identified with the Greek Ares. His main cult was at Papremis

Ankh
Life, its hieroglyph was often worn as an amulet

Ankhmahor
6th dynasty vizier

Ankhtifi
nomarch in Upper Egypt during the FIP

Anubis, Anpu, Khenty-Imentiu, Hermanubis
God, conductor of souls

Antef
see Intef

Antefoker
Mayor and vizier under Senusret I

Anubis, Anpu
God of the necropolis

Apep
see Apopis

Apepi
Two Hyksos kings

Aphrodite
the Greek equivalent of Hathor

Apis, Serapis, Osiris-Apis
Bull symbolizing fertility venerated at Memphis

Apophis, Apopis, Apep
The serpent of Chaos, sometimes equated with Seth

Apotropaic (from Greek)
Having the power to avert evil

Artaxerxes
2 Persian kings and Egyptian pharaohs (27th dynasty)

Arura, aroura (Greek)
The ground covered by a yoke of ploughing oxen in one day, about 2700 m²

Artaba (Persian)
Dry measure, about 36 litres in classical times, about 27 litres under the Ptolemies.

Aser, Asr, Ausas
see Osiris

Aset, Ast, Auset
see Isis

Ashur-Uballit
King of Assyria, contemporary of Akhenaten

Atef
Crown worn by Osiris

Aten, Aton
The sun disk, unique god of Akhenaten

Avaris, Awaris
Capital of the Hyksos kings in the Delta

Ay
1) Merneferre, pharaoh of the 13th dynasty;
2) Ay, Aye, Ai, Kheperkheperure
Vizier of Tutankhamen and pharaoh of the 18th dynasty

B

Ba (bA)
The "soul"
Spiritual force such as an anonymous divinity
Manifestation of a god
The king's power to rule
The eternal forces of a human, depicted in tombs as a bird with a human head.

Ba'ah, Seba-djai
The planet Venus

Badarian
Early pre-dynastic period, 3800 to 3500 BCE, also Fayum A or Merimda

Bai, Bay
Chancellor of Ramses Siptah, 19th dynasty

Bakare
Listed in the Turin King list as successor of Khafre

Bakenkhons, Bakenkhonsu, Bekenkhonsu
High Priest of Amen under Ramses II, possibly father of Nefertari, member of the Amenemope clan, block statue

Bast, Bastet, Ubasti, Pasht
Goddess of the home, Artemis to the Greeks. Her cultural centre was at Bubastis

Bat
Goddess with the form of a cow, from the Middle Kingdom on merged with Hathor

Bau
Messenger or appearance of a deity

Benben
1) The first land to rise from the primordial waters.
2) Pyramid shaped sacred stone at Heliopolis

Bennu bird (bnw)
see Phoenix

Bes, Bisu
Dwarf god

Biridiya
Ruler of Megiddo, contemporary of Akhenaten

Book of the Dead
Better The Book of Going Forth by Day. A collection of magical writings placed in tombs since the New Kingdom with the intention of helping the deceased in the after-life.

Burnaburiash
Kassite king of Babylonia, contemporary of Akhenaten

Byblos (Greek), Gebal, Gubla, Kubna (Egyptian)
City in Lebanon, important to Egyptian trade

C

Cambyses, Kambyses
Persian king, conqueror of Egypt, founder of the 27th dynasty

Canaan
Today's Israel and southern Lebanon, above all the coastal region

Canobic, Heracleotic (from Latin, Greek)
The westernmost arm of the Nile, after the city of Canobus (Canopus)

Canopic jars (from Latin, Greek)
Vessels containing the inner organs of the deceased, generally four, in the form of the sons of Horus (from Canopus, see above)

Cartonnage (French)
Expression used by Egyptologists for the masks and coffins made of cardboard like materials.

Cartouche (French)
The name of a pharaoh in hieroglyphs surrounded by an oval band denoting eternity

Cataract (from Greek kataraktes down-rushing)
Rapids, waterfall. The first Nile cataract was Egypt's southern border

Chadouf (Arabic)
see Shadouf

Chafre, Chefren
see Khafre

Chamudi
see Khamudi

Cheops, Chufu
see Khufu

Chons, Chonsu
see Khons

Chthonic (Greek)
from the earth. Chthonic deities: Sepa, Heqat etc

Cippus (Latin)
Pointed rectangular pillar, in Egyptology: stela showing Horus triumphing over dangerous beasts

Coffin Texts
Magical writings written on coffins since the FIP.

Corbel (from Latin)
Projection jutting out from wall, supporting structure above it. Used to make false arches

Corvée (French)
Tax in the form of labour

Crook, heka
Originally a shepherd's staff it became a symbol of power carried by pharaohs and high officials

Cubit (Origninally from Latin)
Linear measure.
1) Short cubit: 6 palms = 24 fingers;
2) Royal cubit : 7 palms = 28 digits - 52.3 cm

D

Darius
2 Persian kings and Egyptian pharaohs (27th dynasty)

Deben, (dbn)
Weight, equal to 10 kit, originally 27gr (copper), 13gr (gold), from NK on about 91 grammes
Greek period: monetary unit worth 20 silver drachmas, later 20 copper drachmas

Decans (from Latin decem, ten)
36 star constellations, each rising above the horizon at sunrise during ten days every year, used by the ancient Egyptian calendar

Demotic (Greek)
the last stage of development of the ancient Egyptian script

Demurrage
Charge paid by the depositors of grain in the state granaries, see credit

Dendarah, Denderah
Site of Hathor's main temple

Deshret (dSr.t)
1) The red crown of Lower Egypt;
2) The red land, i.e. the desert

Dionysos
Greek god, identified with Osiris

Djahi, Zahi
Ill defined coastal region: Canaan

Djed pillar, djet pillar (Dd)
Hieroglyph often carried as an amulet, linked to the Osiris myth

Djehuti, Thoth
1) God of knowledge and wisdom, moon god, identified with Hermes Trismegistus by the Greeks;
2) Scribe, general and viceroy under Thutmose III

Djet (Dt)
Eternity, continuous and linear as opposed to neheh

Djoser, Zoser
Old Kingdom pharaoh, 3rd dynasty

Drachma
Greek monetary unit, divided into 6 obols. The standard coin in use was the silver tetradrachma worth four drachmas.

Duat (dwA.t)
Originally the starry sky.
The Realm of the Dead, populated by the deceased who have become stars. Often somewhat misleadingly referred to as Underworld or Netherworld.

Dynasty (from Greek)
Line of hereditary rulers

E

Early dynastic
Historic period, 3050 to 2600 BCE, also called Naqada IIIA1 to IIIC1

Echnaton
see Akhenaten

El Amarna, Al Amarna (Arabic), Akhetaten
Capital of Egypt under Akhenaten, 18th dynasty

Electrum (from Greek)
A gold and silver alloy, used for covering the tips of obelisks

Encaustic (from Greek)
paint based on wax

Ennead (from Greek enneas, nine)
A group of nine deities, such as the Ennead of Heliopolis

Execration texts
Tablets containing curses against (state) enemies

Eye of Re
See Hathor